(2)Those who were against the plan raised their hands.那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。(Those为代词,定语从句)
4.从可否省略来看,同位语从句的that一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。
5.从引导词来看,同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导,但是定语从句则一般不用whether来引导。例如:
The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要。
6.who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来引导同位语从句,但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如:
1)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句)
(2)He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)