Lost civilizations①

　　Day 1, 15 July

　　I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.Next week we are flying② to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert③.Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.

　　Day 2, 16 July

　　This morning we attended a lecture④ about Pompeii.The city was founded⑤ in the 8th century BC⑥.In 89 BC, the Romans⑦took over⑧ Pompeii.It then became a rich and busy city.Near the city was a volcano⑨.On 24 August AD⑩ 79, the volcano erupted⑪ and lava⑫， ash⑬ and rocks poured⑭ out of it onto the surrounding countryside.It continued to erupt for the next two days.Many people were buried⑮ alive⑯， and so was the city⑰.How unfortunate⑱！

　　Day 3, 17 July

　　Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago⑲.How amazing！⑳ The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it\s\up1(21(21).People started to dig\s\up1(22(22) in the area for treasure, which caused much damage\s\up1(23(23).Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved\s\up1(24(24) and studied\s\up1(25(25). 　　①civilization/ˌsIvəlaI'zeIʃn/n.文明

　　②are visiting 和 are flying 都是现在进行时，表示的是将要发生的动作。

　　③which is known as ...是非限制性定语从句，修饰Loulan。

　　④lecture/'lektʃə(r)/n.讲座　attend a lecture 听讲座

　　⑤found/faʊnd/vt.兴建，创建

　　⑥BC/ˌbiː'siː/abbr.公元前(before Christ 的缩写)

　　⑦Roman/'rəʊmən/n.罗马人adj.罗马的，罗马人的

　　⑧take over 夺取；接管

　　⑨volcano/vɒl'keInəʊ/n.火山(pl.) volcanoes/volcanos

　　表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。

　　⑩AD/ˌeI'diː/abbr.公元(Anno Domini 的缩写)

　　⑪erupt /I'rʌpt/vi.(火山等)爆发

　　⑫lava/'lɑːvə/n.熔岩， 火山岩

　　⑬ash/æʃ/n.灰，灰烬　ashes 废墟；骨灰

　　⑭pour/pɔː(r)/vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)

　　⑮bury vt.埋，埋葬；安葬

　　⑯alive adj.活的，在句中作主语补足语。

　　⑰so was the city是"so＋助动词＋主语"的部分倒装结构。

　　⑱unfortunate/ʌn'fɔːtʃənət/adj.不幸的，遗憾的

　　⑲as用作连词，意为"正如"，引导方式状语从句。

　　⑳How amazing! 多令人惊奇啊！amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的

　　\s\up1(21(21)when a farmer discovered ...是定语从句，修饰 the 18th century, when 相当于 in which。

　　\s\up1(22(22)dig v．挖，掘n.触，碰；挖苦，讽刺；挖掘

　　\s\up1(23(23)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。

　　\s\up1(24(24)preserve v．保存，保护

　　preserve sb./sth.from ...保护......免受......

　　\s\up1(25(25)so it could be ...是目的状语从句。 　　

　　失落的文明

　　[第1～3段译文]

　　第一天，7月15日

　　能获得这次旅行的机会我感到很幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为"中国庞贝"的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。

　　第二天，7月16日

今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8世纪。公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄