invent/In'vent/vt.发明
inventor/In'ventə/n.发明家
⑨main adj.主要的 mainly adv.主要地
⑩at first 起初 first of all 首先,第一
工业革命
[第1~2段译文]
在欧洲,18世纪后半叶社会发生了重大的变革。这次变革叫作"工业革命"。在此之前欧洲一直是一个农业社会。随着工业革命的到来,工厂出现了,大规模的生产第一次成为可能。工厂被建在城镇里,结果城镇和城市的人口大大增长了。
蒸汽机等的发明使这些变革成为可能。蒸汽机是1769年由詹姆斯·瓦特发明的,是工业革命时期主要的能量来源。起初蒸汽机被用于矿井,但它很快就被用于工厂里和铁路上了。
During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became more powerful than land owners. Thousands of⑪ people left the countryside to work in the city. Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded⑫ conditions⑬. From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.,⑪thousands of 成千上万的
⑫crowded adj.拥挤的
the crowd 人群
⑬condition/kən'dIʃn/n.状况;条件;环境
on condition that 只要;在......的前提下
[第3段译文]
在工业革命期间,工厂主变得比农场主更强大。成千上万的人离开农村到城市就业。工厂的工人们通常生活在艰苦、拥挤的环境中。从1830年到20世纪初期,工业革命从欧洲传播到了美国,后来又传播到其他的国家,比如日本。
Read the text on Page 49 and choose the best answers according to the text.
1.Before the Industrial Revolution, what kind of society did Europe belong to?
A.An industrial society.
B.A primitive society.
C.A farming society.
D.A socialist society.