1． 不使用替代词的省略

（1） 省略主语 I have done more than (what ) is required. (You) Open the door for me, please.

（2） 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin ?

(Are you ) Ready ?Try to answer these questions in your own words.

（3） 省略宾语 ---Which of them is better ? ---Well, it is hard to tell (which of them is better).

（4） 省略表语 ---Are you hungry ? ---Yes, I am (hungry).

（5） 省略所有格后面的名词

Jack and his sister stayed in his uncle's(home) during the summer vacation.

The girl's handwriting is much better than his brother's (handwriting).

（6） 在限定性定语从句中

作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。如：

The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.

Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.

The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.

（7） 不定式中的省略

a 英语中为避免重复，经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式中

的小品词to；这类动词有：expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,would like和love等。如：

She asked me to dance with her,but I didn't want to (dance with her).

---Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary?

---No, I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)

b 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。如：

I really didn't want to go there with him,but I had to (go there with him).

c不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。如：

---Will you join in our discussion ?

---I'll be glad to (join in your discussion).

d 如果不定式中带有be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been。如：

---Did he pass the driving test ? ---No,but he ought to have (passed the driving test).

f介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式，它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式；在and或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。

In very cold weather, the hibernating（冬眠） animals had no choice but to lie down to sleep.

He could do nothing but wait.

2．使用替代词的省略

（1） 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do /does /did, so, not, neither, nor和the same等。用助动词do /does /did来替代上下文出现的动词，以免重复。如：She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.

（2） 用so可替代单词、短语或句子(用于肯定) not用于否定，宾语从句可以省略，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的宾语。如：

---Will it be fine tomorrow ? ---I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)