名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
1.that
(1)that只起连接词作用,引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,本身也没有词义。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said thathe was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
(2)that在引导名词性从句时,常可省略,但在以下情况中,that不宜省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略。
②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时,引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。
③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时,that不可省略。
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时,that不能省略。
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时,that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业,并且作业必须由家长签名。
The factthat he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈,真令我高兴。
2.whether/if
(1)if,whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,whether与if表示"是否",只起连接词的作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分。
(2)whether和if有时可通用,但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。
②引导表语从句。
③whether从句作介词宾语。