聚焦定语从句

--"限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句"篇

例句呈现

读下面的句子，看一看各句中的定语从句有什么相同或不同的地方。

1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.

2. Which is the book (that) you want to read?

3. The college, where he studied for four years, is a famous one.

4. Mr. Brown is my English teacher, who came to China last year.

5. Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.

6. He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.

7. Last night he sang a love song, which he must have learnt in his youth.

小结归纳

句1和句2中的定语从句是我们熟悉的限制性定语从句，它是用来修饰和限制先行词的，是复合句中不可缺少的组成部分，若将它去掉，主句就不完整或失去意义。而句3、4、5、6、7中的定语从句和主句用逗号分开了，我们把这样的定语从句叫做非限制性定语从句，它在句中起补充说明的作用，可以省略。非限制性定语从句的引导词一般不用that，指代"人"时用who或whom（如句4），指代"物"时用which（如句5），还可用when, where等关系副词（如句3）。

应该注意的是： which不仅仅可以指代某个（名、代）词，还可以指代前面的整个主句或主句的一部分内容（如句6）。另外，在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词不可以省略（如句7）；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略（如句2）。