4、argue：argue with sb. over / about sth.

argue sb. into / out of doing sth.：说服某人做 / 停止做某事。

argue for sth.：主张......

argue against ...：据理反对......

argument

5、spell：vt.意味着、招致 = result in、cause、lead to；拼单词

e.g. Those dark clouds spell rain.

　　　Does laziness always spell failure?

　　　Lack of rain can spell disaster for farmers.

　　　How do you spell your name?

spell out：拼出、阐述、详细说明

e.g. We had to spell the main points out to them.

6、rate：比例、比率；

e.g. the divorce rate, the birth rate, at the rate of：以......的速率、比率

a rate、the rate：速度、进度= speed；

　　　walk at the rate of 4 kilometers an hour; at a great rate：一非常快的速度

　　　 等级、流= class：a first rate hotel

at any rate：= in any case； at this rate = in this case

7、turn out：结果是......、后来情况是......

1) + adj. / adv. / n.

e.g. It was cloudy in the morning, but it turned out fine.

　　　The examination turned out quite easy. / rather difficult.

　　　Do you think the crops will turn out well this year?

　　　The accident turned out a disaster.

2) + (to be) ....：sb. / sth. turn out to be ...

e.g. He turned out to be Tom's father.

　　　He turns out to have never been there.

The meeting turned out to be very interesting.

3) It turns out that ...：结果......

e.g. It turned out that he was Tom's father.

　　　It turns out that he has never been there.

　　　It turned out that this method did not work well.

生产、制造、造就（人才）

e.g. The factory turns out bicycles.

　　　Our company turns out 1000 cars a month.

　　　Our school has turned out many excellent students.

　　　That college turns out 100 teachers every year.