Period Three　Grammar，Speaking & Writing

一、动词­ing形式(现在分词)作状语的句法功能

1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。

Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.

＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.

当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。

Having finished the homework，he went shopping.

＝After he had finished his homework，he went shopping.

完成作业后，他就去购物了。

注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。

2.作原因状语。一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。

Being ill，he couldn't go to school.

＝As he was ill，he couldn't go to school.

因为生病了，他无法去上学。

Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way.

＝As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.

因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。

3.作条件状语。一般放在句首，其前可以加if，unless等连词。

Working hard，and you'll make great progress.

＝If you work hard，you'll make great progress.

如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。

Unless working harder，you'll surely fail in the exam.

除非更加努力，否则你无法通过考试。

4.作方式状语。不能用状语从句来代替。

He came running back to tell me the news.