英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。如改为间接引语,必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。
1.句型变化
(1)直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导。
She said, "I'm a dentist."
→She said that she was a dentist.
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,在变为间接引语时要用连词whether(或if),要把疑问句的语序改为陈述句语序,句末用句号,主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked。
He said, "Can you speak English?"
→He asked me if/whether I could speak English.
He asked,"You've already finished your homework,haven't you?"
→He asked if/whether we had already finished our homework.
(3)直接引语若是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导。
"Where do you usually have lunch?" he asked me.
→He asked me where I usually had lunch.
(4)当直接引语为祈使句时,变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask, invite, advise, warn, tell,order等词,而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。
He said to me,"Don't be late tomorrow."
→He told me not to be late the next day.
2.时态的变化
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如下表所示:
直接引语 间接引语 时态变化 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 过去将来时 She said, "I need a calculator."
→She said that she needed a calculator.
Jim said, "I'm expecting a long distance call."