我认为我们得保持镇静，这一点很重要。

We made it a rule to get up at 6 o'clok every morning.

我们规定每天早上6点起床。

We found it difficult to get along with him.

我们发现很难与他相处。

【知识小结】

(1)上面例句中，it 作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句等。

（2）it 作形式宾语的固定句型有：

S（主）+ P（谓） +

a.+it + clause

b.+ prep. +it +clause

c.+ it + prep.phrase + clause

d.+ it +adj. +clause

e.+ it +n. +clause

f.+ it +p.p.+ clause

活学巧用

2.单项填空

（1）I would appreciate it _________ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.

A.until B.if

C.when D.that

提示: it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句。句意为"如果你今天下午为了医生的约会回个电话的话，我将很感激。"考查的是 if引导的条件句作真正宾语，if 是"如果"的意思。

答案: B

（2）Why don't you bring _________ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?

A.this B.that

C.what D.it

提示:句意："为什么你不让他注意到你很忙而不能做那件事呢？"此句中 bring 的真正宾语是后置的 that you are too busy to do it。bring 后面可以用 it 作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语。

答案:D

（3）We make _________ a rule to get up at 6 o'colock every morning.

A.it B.that

C.what D.when

提示:it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是"to get up ..."。

答案:A

3.by doing/ n. 做某事的手段、方式

【典型例句】

I don't think she can help him by giving him money.

我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。

He used to make his living by painting.

他以前是靠画画为生。

He came here by bus instead of on foot.

他是坐公共汽车来的，而不步行来的。