如： This novel has been translated into several languages.这本小说已被译成了几种

(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。

如： When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。

2. 被动语态的主要用法：

■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。 、如：The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)

They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)

■ 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。

如：The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是"时间")

■ 为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。

如： You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。

■ 出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。

如： It is generally considered impolite to ask one's age, salary, marriage, etc. . 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。

3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法：

将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：

He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.

【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略： The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。

(2) 在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：

　The students will study the problem.

→The problem will be studied by the students.

　Our friends are repairing the roof.

→The roof is being repaired by our friends.

4. 双宾动词的被动语态