四、语法详解
短语动词
短语动词指由两个或两个以上的词组成的动词短语。第一个词为动词,其后接副词(如loo
k out)或介词(如look for)或副词加介词(如look out of),此类副词或介词有时称作小品词。有些短语动词的意义容易猜。如sit down,因为动词和小品词都保持其通常的意义,但许多短语动词都具有习语的意思。(如put up with,容忍、忍受)。
一、短语动词的常见形式
1.动词+副词。如:
Suddenly the light went out.
灯突然熄了。
This desk takes up too much room.
这张书桌占了很多地方。
2.动词+介词。如:
The young deer are well looked after in the zoo.
小鹿在动物园里得到很好的照顾。
3.动词+副词+介词。如:
We are looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.
我们渴望参观长城。
4.动词+名词+介词。如:
The orphans are taken care of by the nurses.
护士照顾这些孤儿。
二、几个需要注意的问题
1.短语动词可以是及物的,带有宾语;也可以是不及物的,不带宾语,有些短语用于两种情况都可以。如:
For heaven's sake shut her up.
Please tell her to shut up.
2.要想正确使用及物的短语动词,须注意宾语的位置,有些宾语位置可置于动词与小品词之间,也可置于小品词之后;有些短语动词的两个部分不能用宾语拆开。如:
She tore the letter up.=she tore up the letter.
她把信撕了。
She tore it up.(宾语为代词时,必须将其置于两者之间。)
They called the deal off.=They called off the deal.
他们取消了交易。
I didn't really take to her husband.
我对她的丈夫不是很有好感。(不能拆开)
I ran into Joe yesterday.
我昨天碰到了乔。
3.将某些短语动词连写或加连字符,即构成复合名词。如:
The local train had a breakdown that afternoon.
当地的火车那个下午出了点故障。