Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing

　　限制性定语从句

　　阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法

　　1．Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.

　　2．Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.

　　3．The woman (whom) you saw just now is our teacher.

　　4．Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.

　　5．Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.

　　6．But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

　　7．Do you know the reason why he has been late?

　　8．For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.

　　9．He is a man of who(m) China can be proud.

　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。

　　一、关系代词的用法

关系代词 指代 在定语从句中充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 定语 who √ √ √ √ whom √ √