前者紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去;后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如果省去,意思仍然完整。
二、限制性定语从句的作用
限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句,若去掉,被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。
He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.
他就是我正在等待的那个人。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那个人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。(此处 whose 用来修饰其后面的名词 car,其先行词是 man,相当于 the man's car)
三、关系词的用法
1.关系代词的用法
(1)that 和 which 的用法
①which 指物,that 既可指人也可指物;它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.
请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。
This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.
这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。
②在限制性定语从句中,关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况:
a.当先行词是all,little,few,none,anything,something, everything, nothing等词时。
Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?
能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西?
b.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
This is the first twostorey bus that runs in our city.
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
c.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
d.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.