示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:
I didn't know any English before I started school. 我上学之前,一点英语都不懂
I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回来之前,我就做好了晚饭。
It won't be long before we meet again. 我们不久就能见面。
After he came out, he locked the door. 他出来后,就锁上了门。
5. Since 和 ever since 引导的从句:表示"自从......以来",从句一般表示动作的起点,用过去时。主句表示动作延续的情况,一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如果主句表示的是时间,主句可用一边现在时,也可用现在完成时。
现在完成时(延续性动词)...since+...过去时(非延续性动词)"自从......以来"
现在完成时(延续性动词)...since+...过去时 (延续性动词)"自(延续性动词结束以来......"
Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他来这里以后,已交了许多朋友。
He has been working here ever since he left university.
自从大学毕业以后,他就一直在这里工作。
She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。
I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。
It is ten years since he smoked.他戒烟十年了
语法二 过去完成时
过去完成时由助动词had 加过去分词构成,主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况,也可以说时"过去时间的过去"。其被动形式为"had + been + p.p" 例如:
By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words.
到上个学期末为止我们已经学了3000 多个单词了。
在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that 等从属连词引导的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的过去动作时在不同的时间发生的话,那么首先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时表示,而发生在后面的动作通常用一般过去时表示;这也可以说时"过去动作的过去"。例如:
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家,天就开始下雨了。
Tom had pressed the button on the computer before we could stop him.
我们还没来得及阻止他,汤姆就已经按上了电脑上的按钮
注意:如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语,句子的内容可为过去的实际情况或句子中的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。例如:
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.
如果两个动作紧接着发生时,则常常不用过去完成时,而用一般过去时,特别是在包含before 和after 的复合句中。例如:
After we said goodbye to the farmers, we left the mountain village.
我们在和农民们告别了之后我们就离开了那个山村。
Just before I left Wenzhou, I sent my parents a telephone.
在离开温州之前我给我的父母打了一个电话。
在表示某人过去未曾完成的"心愿,打算,计划,想法,许诺"等等时,hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于动词必须用过去完成时。例如:
I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday.