例如：

The reform was effected. 改革实现了。

The new minister hopes to effect changes in the government's policy.

这位新部长希望改变政府的政策。

The new manager effected several changes in the company.

新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。

2． certain的用法小结：

（1）certain常用作形容词，意思是："确实的；无疑的；可靠的，一定会的。"

　　例如：

The evidence is certain and the facts are clear. 证据确凿,事实清楚。

I am certain he told me to come at two o'clock. 我肯定他告诉我两点来。

There's no certain cure for this illness at present. 现在这种病尚无确实可靠的疗法。

I'm certain she saw me. 我确信她看到我了。

We are certain of victory. 我们一定会获得胜利。

Are you certain that you'll get there in time? 你有把握及时赶到那里吗?

（2）certain：指"某个人/物"。

　　例如：

a lady of a certain age：某个年龄的女士

He was looking for a certain book. 他在找某本书。

（3）指"有些；一些"。

　　例如：

Certain plants will not grow in this country. 有些植物在这个国家不能生长。

People who smoke cannot travel in certain parts of the train.

吸烟的人不能在火车的某些地方走动。

　　二、词义辨析

1．effect, consequence, result的区别：

（1）这三个词作为名词在一起比较的一般含义是由某种原因所产生的结果。

effect 和原因的关系是立刻性的，即马上可以看到的

Jasper has put up "No Parking" signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.

贾斯珀"把禁止停车"的牌子挂在大门外，但这没产生什么效果。