语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.

　　(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.

　　(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语. )

　　(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.

　　(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)

　　3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.

　　(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句

　　(2)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句

　　【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.

　　When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

　　4. 过去分词作状语的位置

　　过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.

　　He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently.

　　他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.

Self-test

　　Exercises for V-ed form

　　1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

　　A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

　　2. The research is so designed that once ______, nothing can be done to change it.

　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

　　3. The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

　　4. The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.

　　A. first holding B. to be first held C. first held D. to be first holding

　　5. Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

　　A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying

6. Don't use words, expressions or phrases ______ only to people with specific