附 件
语法
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1. 由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句这类定语从句中who用作主语,whom作宾语,whose作定语指人。例如:
① This is the man who helped me. 这位是帮过我的那个人。
② The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位大夫在屋里。
③ Do you know the man whose name is Thompson?
你认识那个叫汤普森的人吗?
2. which引导的定语从句
这类从句只能指物,which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。例如:
① This is the book which you want.
这就是你要的那本书。
② The building which stands near the river is our school.
河边的那栋楼是我们学校。
③ The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 有机器的房间是车间。
1)whom,whose,which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在它们之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这位就是你在找的那个人。
2)引导非限定性定语从句时,关系代词往往用which,不用that。例如:
I have lost my book, which I like very much. 我的书丢了,我非常喜欢那本书。
3. 由that引导的定语从句
that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。例如:
The letter that I received was from my father.
我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。