【自主学习】一、时间状语从句

1. when， while 和 as

(1)When 既可以引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作，还可用做并列连词,常用结构be doing / be about to do/ be on the point of doing / had done ...when...（此结构中when译为"就在这时突然"）

①When he was a child, his father died.

②When I arrived, he had already left

③We were about to leave when it began to rain.

我们正要离开,这时突然下起雨来。

(2)while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作与从句动作做对比。可以放在句子中间表示两者并列对比, 常翻译为 " 而, 然而"。 注意：while 放在句首时，常表"尽管"。

①Please write while I read.

②Some students are reading while other students are writing.

一些同学在读,而另一些同学在写。

★③While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.

(3)as引导一个持续性动作，多表示主句动作与从句动作相并发生，常翻译为 一边......一边...... ，还可以译为 "随着"。

①He hurried home，looking behind as he went.

他急急忙忙的回家，边走边回头。

②As time goes by, things will get easier.

随着时间的推移，情况会有所改善。

2. 表示"一......就......"的结构有：the moment, the minute, the second, as soon as, immediately, directly, no sooner ...than..., hardly/ scarcely...when...。但在no sooner ...than..., 和hardly/ scarcely...when...结构中，no sooner , hardly/ scarcely 位于句首时应用部分倒装。

①The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

　看见他妈妈，小男孩哭了.

★② I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

★③She had no sooner gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more. = No sooner had she gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.

④The moment/minute/second the bell rang, the boys rushed out.

铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。

3.名词词组every time, any time, next time, the first/last time, the day/week/month/year等也可作连词,引导时间状语从句。

① Every time he walked by the lake, he thought of his childhood life.

★② The first time he went to China, he was attracted by its beauty.

他第一次来中国就被它的美丽所吸引。

4. till， until 直到......

(1)肯定句: 主语谓语动词必须是延续性动词

He had been waiting until she came. 他一直等到她来。

(2)否定句: not ...until... 主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,意为 "直到......才......"。

She didn't go to bed until he came back.

(3)not... until... 句型中的强调句型和部分倒装：

①★They didn't go home until they had finished the work.

=It was not until they had finished the work that they went home.（强调句） =Not until they had finished the work did they go home.(倒装)

②I didn't have any idea of it until you told me .

=It was not until you told me that I had the idea of it.

=Not until you told me did I have the idea of it.

5. before 和since, ever since

(1)若表达" 还未......就......"，" 不到......就......" "......才......"用连词before

We had sailed four days and nights before we saw the land.

我们航行了四天四夜才看见陆地。

句型：It will be +时间段+ before... "多久之后才......"

It was +时间段+ before "过了多久才......"

It won't be long+ before... "不久就......"

★①It will be half a year before I come back. 我半年后才回来。

★②It was some time before I realized the truth.

　过了一段时间我才意识到事实的真相。

★③John thinks that it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。

(2)since 从句的时态通常是一般过去时, 主句时态通常是现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。常用句式"It is/ has been +一段时间+ since"表自从某人做某事到现在为止多长时间。

It is/has been three years since the war broke out.

从战争爆发到现在已经三年了。

His work has influenced other writers ever since.

　　　　　　　　　二、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有: if, unless(除非), as/so long as, on condition that(在......条件下) , provided / providing that从句(假如), suppose/ supposing(假如), in case( 以防, 万一), for fear that (惟恐,以免) , only if(只要,只有)等。

①As long as you are here before 12, you can come to the match with me.

②Students are allowed to enter the computer lab, only if the teacher has given permission.只要老师允许，学生才能进入电脑实验室。

③You can go out to play on condition that you have finished your homework.

④Please take your raincoat along with you in case it rains.

⑤He always slept by the phone in case she rang during the night.

⑥Don't go out tomorrow morning in case Mr Li should come to visit you.

1. if 和unless是最常用的条件从句连接词，unless在意义上等于"if ...not"，并且语气较强。If可用于虚拟条件句，unless则一般不用于虚拟条件句。

①If you keep on practising, you will improve your English .

如果你继续练习的话，你将会提高你的英语。

②He will never make progress unless he works hard.= He will never make progress if he doesn't work hard.

　　　　　　　　　　三、让步状语从句

1. Whatever (whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever，however...) 与no matter what (who, which, when, where, how...) 都可引导让步状语从句，意义无差异，意为: "无论......"

在引导名词性从句时只能疑问词+ever, 引导让步状语从句时疑问词+ever与 no matter +疑问词两者均可。（名词性从句：主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）

①Whoever (=No matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I'm busy. 不管谁打电话给我, 就说我现在正忙着呢。

②However(=No matter how) difficult the task is, I can finish it on time.

★③Whoever will be in charge of the project(主语从句) hasn't been decided yet. 谁来负责这项工程还没有决定。

2.as/though 虽然,尽管, 引导让步状语从句时常用部分倒装语序，表示强调。其倒装形式的基本结构为: 名词/动词/形容词/副词+ as /though+ 主谓结构。倒装时若名词前有冠词, 冠词要省去。

★①Child as/though he is ,he knows a lot.=Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot 尽管他是个孩子,但他懂的很多。

②Call as/though you may, he will not come.

即使你给他打电话, 他也不会来。

③Popular as/though she is, she still needs to improve.

尽管已很受欢迎,她仍需要努力。

④Bravely as/though they fought, they had no chance of winning.

尽管他们英勇奋战，但是仍没有赢的机会。

3. although/though 虽然, even if / though 即使,尽管。由它们引导的让步状语从句中,主句不能用 but, 但可用yet, still 或nevertheless。

①He will never tell you the truth even if /though he knows it.

②Although he is very old, yet he still works day and night.

尽管他年龄很大了, 但仍然日夜地工作着。

③The old woman is unhappy though she has a lot of money.

　注意：1. 在状语从句中（如时间、条件及让步状语从句），如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是it, 且从句中含有be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。如：

　①Don't speak until (you are) spoken to. 有人对你说话时你再说。

　②While (I was) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.

　在北京时，我参观了颐和园。

　③Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. 如果可能的话，明天就来吧。

　④The girl never gave in unless (she was) wrong.

　这个女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。

　⑤Though (it is) cold, he still wore a shirt.

　天气虽然冷，但他仍穿一件衬衫。

　⑥Though (he was) poor, the man was happy.

　尽管他很穷，他很快乐。

2. 无论在时间、条件还是让步状语从句中，用现在时表示将来，即主将从现。

【当堂检测】

1. (2013重庆卷)______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.

A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since

2. (2013四川卷)[来源He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ___ he wants to.

　A. even if B. as if C. because D. before

3. (2013上海卷)They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have.

A. however difficult B. how difficult

C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty

4. (2013辽宁卷)One can always manage to do more things, no matter____ full one's schedule is in life.

A. how B. what C. when D. where

5. (2012辽宁卷）Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.

　 A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if

6.(2012全国新课程) I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.

A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless

7.(2012全国II) I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

A. when B. than C. until D. after

8.(2012北京卷)Look at those clouds!

　　-Don't worry. ______ it rains, we'll still have a great time.

　　A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only

9. (2011陕西卷)__________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

A. Since B. While C. If D. As

10. (2012陕西卷)Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

A. although B. as C. while D. however

11.（2012江西卷）You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.

A．unless B．even if C．in case D. as long as

自我评价

4.我能就所学举一反三，做对所有习题。

3.我能熟练掌握本学案，但做题时概念界限分不清。

2.我知道学案讲的是什么，可是做题就错。

1.我根本不知学案讲的是什么。

知识树梳理：

一、请动脑认真总结时间状语从句：

1. when的用法：

2. while的用法：

3. as的用法：

4.引导时间状语从句，表示"一......就......"的结构：

其中用于倒装的结构有：

倒装的条件是：

5.写出引导时间状语从句且表示以下意思的连词：

第一次

每次

任何时候

6.till, until

(1)在肯定句中的用法：

(2) 在否定句中的用法：

(3) not ...until...的强调句结构：

(4) not ...until...的倒装句结构：

7.before 和since

(1) 总结before的三个句型：

(2)总结since的句型及注意的地方：

二、请动脑认真总结条件状语从句:

1.引导条件状语从句的连词或词组

2.as/though 引导让步状语从句时部分倒装的特点：

3.although/though ,even if / though引导让步状语从句的用法：