考点二:宾语从句
宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1)由连接词that引导的宾语从句
连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在从句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省略。如:
We all agreed (that) it would be a mistake not to take his advice.
我们都认为不听他的建议将是个错误。
注意以下几点:
①从句是并列句时,第二个及以后的分句前的that不可省略。如:
We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.
我们都认为她学习非常努力,一定能进一个非常好的大学。
②在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句中谓语常用"should+动词原形",should可省略。如:
The commander ordered that troops(should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
③动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句。
We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.
我们认为每个市民都有礼貌是很重要的。(其中it为形式宾语,而真正的宾语是that 引导的从句)
④注意动词 doubt 的否定结构和疑问句才可以接 that从句。如:
I don't doubt that he will be against the idea.
我毫不怀疑他会反对这一想法。
I doubt whether he will be against the idea.
我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法。
Do you doubt that I can finish it on time?
你怀疑我能按时完成这件事情吗?
2)疑问词引导的宾语从句
用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导宾语从句时,连接词在从句中担当一定的成分。应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。如:
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。(how在从句中作状语)
3)whether或if引导的宾语从句
whether或if引导的宾语从句仍保持陈述语序,whether或if在从句中不能省略。如:
I wonder whether he will come or not.
我想知道他来还是不来。
此外,whether与if 在作"是否"讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;
b.引导表语从句时;
c.引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时;
d.从句中有"or not"时;