Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing

　　　 限制性定语从句

　　一、定语从句的相关概念

　　1．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　　2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

　　3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：

　　(1)连接定语从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。

　　4．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。

　　5．限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。

　　二、关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1．定语从句中的关系代词及其在从句中的作用

所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom/who which that 定语 whose/of

whom whose/of

which 　　

　　Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7∶50 am.

　　那些想去博物馆的人必须在早上7∶50 前在大门口集合。

　　The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

　　你正在找的医生在房间里。

　　Nobody wants the house whose windows are all broken.

　　没有人想要窗户全坏的房子。

　　Jinan is a city which has a history of more than 2,000 years.

　　济南是一个拥有2,000多年悠久历史的城市。

　　The flowers that she received are from her boyfriend.

　　她收到的花是她男朋友送的。

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　　①(北京高考改编)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.

　　②(新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.

　　③(重庆高考改编)We'll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.

　　④(山东高考改编)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

⑤(江西高考改编)Among the many dangers which/that_sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.