1. expand/stretch/extend

expand指向四面八方的扩大、扩张

E.g. I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.

stretch指由短变长的伸展

E.g. This sweater has stretched.

extend强调向某一方向的延长

E.g. His influence extends beyond the TV viewing audience.

2. thanks to/ owing to/ due to/ because of/ as a result of

thanks to

由于，幸亏（常用于书面语，多表示正面情况，有时也表示反面情况）

E.g. Thanks to your help, we finished the task in time.

owing to

由于（作状语，既能指积极的原因，也可指消极的原因）

E.g. Owing to careless driving, he had an accident.

due to

由于，应归于（常用来作表语，也可用作状语）

E.g. His failure was due to carelessness.

because of

着重指某种原因（在句中通常作状语）

E.g. Many families break up because of a lack of money.

as a result of

由于......

E.g. She died as a result of her injuries. 三、要点梳理

1. If so句式

if so如果这样

if not如果不是这样

if any如果有的话或即使有的话

　if ever如果曾经有过或即使有过的话

　if possible如果可能的话

　if necessary.如果必要的话

2. struggle (vi.)& (n.)

struggle with/against与......斗争

struggle for努力争取......；为......而斗争

struggle to one's fee挣扎着站起来t

struggle to do sth.努力做某事

3. hunger(n.)饥饿；欲望；渴望&(v.)（使）饥饿；渴望