4．The main purpose of this passage is to ．

　　A．show the wonderful history of Russia

　　B．introduce the famous buildings in Russia

　　C．persuade artists to study St.Petersburg

　　D．attract tourists to visit St.Petersburg

　　【解析】　写作意图题。圣彼得堡是俄罗斯旅游景点众多的城市之一，其最著名的旅游景点有以下几个：冬宫、俄罗斯博物馆、基日岛、夏彼得宫(夏宫)，溅血教堂(耶酥复活教堂)以及青铜骑士，看完这些景点介绍，读者一定会心驰神往。

　　【答案】　D

　　B

　　In most English­speaking countries, it is necessary and of great value to make small talk in certain situations.There are a few different reasons why people use small talk.The first, and most obvious, is to break an uncomfortable silence.That is why it is so common to make small talk when you are waiting for something.Some people make small talk in order to be polite.You may not feel like chatting with anyone at a party, but if someone introduces you to another person who you do not know anything about, you have to start some small talk in order to show a polite interest in getting to know that person better.

　　There are certain "safe" topics that people usually make small talk about.The weather is probably the number one thing that people who do not know each other well discuss.Sometimes even friends and family members discuss the weather when they meet or commence a conversation.Another topic is current events.Sports news is a very common topic, especially if a local team or player is doing extremely well or badly.Entertainment news，such as a celebrity(名人) who is in town, is another good topic.If there is something that you and the other speaker have in common, that may also be acceptable to talk about.

There are also some subjects that are not considered acceptable when you make small talk.Discussing personal information such as salaries or a recent divorce is not done between people who do not know each other well.Compliments(赞美) on clothing or hair are acceptable；however, you should never say anything (good or bad) about a person's body.Also, it is not safe to discuss subjects that society thinks controversial(