Teaching Procedure

　　Step 1 Greeting

　　T: Hello, my friends.

　　Ss: Hello, Miss...

　　Step 2 Revision

　　T: Do you still remember what you learned in this unit? Would you please say something about the great scientists we learned in this unit. First please something about John Snow.

　　S: John snow, a well-known doctor in London, defeated cholera.

　　S: He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.

　　S: John Snow gathered the information and marked it on a map where all the dead people had lived.

　　S: He discovered that many of the deaths were near the water. It seemed the water was to blame.

　　Ss: ...

　　T: You really did a very good job. Now, let's say something about Nicolaus Copernicus.

　　S1: Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the earth is not the centre of the solar system. But at that time people all believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.

　　S2: In 1514 he showed his theory privately to his friends and explained his theory.

　　S3: He was very cautious because he did not want to be attacked by the Christian church.

　　S4: He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.

　　S5: His theory was rejected by the Christian Church.

　　Step 3 Presentation

　　T: Today we will learn the grammar-past participle used as the attribute and the predicative. First look at your text on Page 4, part I. Look at the following sentences where the past participles are used.

　　T: In this sentence the past participle is used as an attribute phrase. Terrified people means people who were terrified. Now please find two more examples from the reading passages with past participles used as the attribute. You are allowed to find as many sentences as possible in two minutes.

　　(Two minutes later, ask the students to report what they have found.)

　　S1: From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.

　　S2: Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.

　　S3: John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.

　　S4: He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system.

T: Good. You just found all the sentences containing the past participles used as the attributes. Besides using as the attribute, the past participles can also be used as