[语法初识]

原句感知 自主探究 ①．．． I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously．

②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them．

③She stepped back appearing surprised ．．．

④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada．

⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door ．．．

⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away．

⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished．

⑧Hearing the news, they immediately set off．

⑨Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while． (1)动词­ing形式在句中可作伴随状语(句①、②、③、④、⑤)，时间状语(句⑥)，结果状语(句⑦)，原因状语(句⑧、⑨)。

(2)若动词­ing短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生(句⑧)；若动词­ing短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前(句⑨)。

(3)动词­ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语(句①～⑨)。 　　

　　[语法剖析]

语法点一 现在分词作状语的用法 　　现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

　　1．作时间状语

　　现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。

　　Hearing the noise, I turned round．

　　＝When I heard the noise, I turned round．

　　听到响声我转过身去。

　　2．作原因状语

　　现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。

　　Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

　　＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

　　由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。

　　3．作条件状语

　　现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

　　Working hard, you'll certainly succeed．

　　＝ If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed．

　　只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。

　　4．作结果状语

现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。