英语中常用have,give,take,make等动词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作。
例如:have a smoke 吸烟,have a bath 洗澡 give a kick 踢,
give a shout 喊叫 take a seat 就座,make a bet 打赌-
2.名词转化成v.
① Have you booked your ticket?
② He hammered a nail into the wall.
3.Adj. 转化为动词
① The train slowed down to half its speed.
② The classroom gradually quieted down.
4.形容词转化为n.
① They're running in the final.
② He didn't know the difference between right and wrong.
5. Adj.转化为adv.
① How long have you lived there?
② How hard the students study!
6.个别词在一定场合下可转化为 n.
① This dictionary is a must for students.
② His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
三、派生(derivation)
由一个词根加上 或 构成另一个词。
1.前缀:词根加前缀 ,只引起 。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-,il (加在从l开头的词前),ir -(加在从r开头的词前),im -(加在以b,m,p开头的词前),in-,mis--,non-,un一等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear------disappear possible ------impossible
correct --------incorrect legal -----------illegal
lead ------------mislead regular ----------irregular
smoker----------non-smoker happy-----------unhappy
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:
anti (反对,抵抗) antiwar 反战的
sub (下面的) subway 地铁
inter (互相的 ) Internet 互联网
re (再,又) reuse 再利用
en (使......) enrich 使富裕
vice (副) vice-manager 副经理
pre (前,预先) preview 预习
post (后的) post-war 战后
mid (中,半) midnight 半夜
micro (微) microscope 显微镜