4. rule

1) rule n. [c] (=an official instruction that says how things must be done or what is allowed, especially in a game, organization, or job) [= law, regulation]

e.g. It says in the rules that every child has to wear school uniform.

　　　What are the rules of the game?

strict rule

unwritten/unspoken rule (=an unofficial rule that everyone knows about)

break a rule (=not obey a rule)

follow/obey the rules

bend/stretch the rules (=do something that is not normally allowed)

under the rules (of something) (=according to a particular set of rules)

*更多例子

It is strictly against the rules for athletes to take drugs.

No one's allowed to ride with the driver. That's a company rule.

The rules of grammar in French are very complex.

2)rule v.

(1) vi./ vt 统治(=to have the official power to control a country and the people who live there) [↪ govern]:

e.g. Queen Victoria ruled England for 64 years.

　Henry VIII ruled England from 1509 to 1547.

rule over 统治，支配

e.g. Alexander the Great ruled over a huge empire.

(2)vt. 控制，影响 (=if a feeling or desire rules someone, it has a powerful and controlling influence on their actions) =control/influence

e.g. the passion for power and success which rules her life

Ashley's life was ruled by her addiction to drugs.

The Medical Examiner's office ruled the death a murder.

rule sth./sb. ↔ out 排除..., 划去

The police have ruled out suicide.

She has refused to rule out the possibility of singing again.

5. replace vt.

1)替换，代替，取代(=take the place of)

replace sb./sth.

e.g. I'm replacing Sue on the team.

Lectures have replaced the old tutorial system.

Two of the tyres had to be replaced.

replace A with B 用B代替A

　e.g. They replaced the permanent staff with part-timers.

6. adopt

1)vi./vt. adopt a child 收养

(=to take someone else's child into your home and legally become its parent)[↪ foster ]:

e.g. Sally was adopted when she was four.

The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt.

2) vt. adopt an approach/policy/attitude etc 采用