这两个词都有"影响"的意思,但它们的词性不同。affect为及物动词,而effect为名词。例如:
The war and the suffering that it caused affected him greatly.
战争及战争所带来的灾难对他影响很大。
The change had no effect on him.
这变化对他没有影响。
The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.
埋葬考夫林的墓地被飓风摧毁了,他的灵柩也被冲到了海里。
【剖析】 1)本句的主干是The cemetery was destroyed and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea,是由and连接的两个并列分句。
2)where Coghlan was buried是由where引导的定语从句修饰the cemetery,其中where在定语从句中作状语。
【拓展】 辨析end up with和end up in:
end up with表示"以......结束",with后跟结束的"方式"。
end up in 表示"以......结束",in后跟的是"结果"。
China is situated in one of most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes.
中国位于世界地震活动最频繁的地区之一,有许多可怕的地震。
【剖析】 这是由and把两个分句连接起来的一个句子。
there have been many terrible earthquakes为there be结构。there be结构又称存在句,表示某处有某物。这种结构以there为引导词(本身无词义),以动词be的某种形式作谓语动词,以名词词组为句子的主语。例如:
There is a lot of noise in the street.
街上喧闹声很大。
The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.
那场1906年4月18日发生的加利福尼亚地震是美国发生的地震中最严重的一次。
【剖析】 1)句子主干是The Earthquake is the worst。
2)that has ever happened in the United States是由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词earthquake,that在从句中充当主语。
3)happen意为"发生",是表示"发生"的最普通的用词,它指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的"发生"。
Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage.
由加利福尼亚地震引起的火灾破坏最严重。
【剖析】 1)这句话的主干是Fires did the most damage。
2)caused by the California Earthquake是过去分词短语作定语,相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句which/that was caused by California Earthquake,修饰前面的名词fires。在英语中,过去分词可作定语修饰名词或代词,常位于被修饰的名词之后。例如: