从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句,其主要用法如下。
(1)用 but for, without 等介词(短语)表示条件。
But for the rain,we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨,我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
(2)用连词 otherwise, or 等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
There was a traffic jam on the way, otherwise, I would have arrived an hour ago.
路上堵车,要不然我一小时前就到了。
(3)虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来,but 前面为虚拟语气,后面为真实情况。
I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.
我本该多帮帮你,但我太忙了。
三、虚拟语气用于 wish后的宾语从句
在 wish 后的宾语从句中,常常表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气,意为"可惜......"、"......就好了"、"悔不该......"。
1.对现在的情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be 动词一般用 were)。
2.对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
3.对将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语动词常用 would/could/might+动词原形。
I wish we could go to the seaside today.
我们今天去海边就好了。
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
我们要是早到那里两个小时就好了。
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
但愿明天天气晴朗。
四、其他几种虚拟语气
1.It's (high/right ) time +that...句式
谓语动词用动词过去式或 should +动词原形,其中should 不能省略,be 动词用 were。表示"现在该......"。
It's time that you had a hair cut.你该理发了。
It's high time that we should take some action.