on the other hand, however等。

　　三、结尾句

　　结尾句位于段落的末尾，在段落中也起着非常重要的作用，用以对全段内容进行总结、归纳或提出结论性的观点。结尾句常和主题句相呼应，以不同的形式再现主题，并与扩展句相关联。结尾句所表达的意思跟主题句一致，但句子结构和用词都不一样。但是并非任何段落都必须有结尾句才算完整。有的段落，尤其是一些较短的段落中只有主题句没有结尾句。

　　[考题印证]

　　(2012·陕西高考)根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。

　　Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task - especially when the speaker is confusing. Don't want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions：

　　61.

　　When it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us. Slow it down. And breathe.

　　62.

　　Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying on keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.

　　63.

　　Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任)on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation. And it's confusing for them to listen, reorganise, and figure out what you're saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organise.

　　64.

Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience