18. pay sb. back ( sth. ) ; pay sth. back eg. pay me back the money 还我钱

19. confidently → confident → confidence

△ have confidence / lose confidence in sth 对......有信心/对......失去信心

△ be / feel confident of sth./that... 对......有信心

eg. feel confident of succeeding/ that one will succeed = feel sure of success有成功的把握

20. personally Personally speaking(就我个人来说), I'm in favor of the plan.

21. reduce / increase ... to 把......减少或增加到......

reduce / increase ... by 把......减少或增加了......

eg. reduce one's weight from 98 to 92 kilos 把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤 即 : reduce one's weight by 6 kilos体重减少了6公斤

△ reduce ... to ...使......陷入(某不利)状态

eg. be reduced to begging 沦落到乞讨

　　　reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人流泪/ 使某人安静下来

22. related → relate v. → relation n.

△ related to ...= connected with... = linked to... 与......有关,有联系

crime related to drugs 与毒品有关的犯罪

△ relate A to B / with B 把A和B联系起来

△ relate to sb/sth 涉及,与......有关

eg. Does the law relate only to theft ? 这个法律是否只涉及盗窃罪?

　　　Wealth is seldom related to happiness.

23. add

△ add A to B 把A添加到B上

eg. If the tea is too strong,add some more water (to it).如果茶太浓,添点水.

△ add sth. ( to sth. ) 补充说,接着说

eg. I have nothing to add ( to my earlier statement ). 对与我先前的话,我没什么要补充的.

The president expressed his thanks , adding that he enjoyed his stay here.总统表达了他的感激之情,接着又说他在这儿待得很愉快.

△ add to sth. = increase sth. 增加

eg. The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

The house has been added to. 房子一直在扩建.