语法点二 状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句常由when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, no sooner ...than ..., hardly ...when, the moment, every time, immediately等引导。
A. when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
(1)when表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用延续性动词。
When I arrived there, the wedding ceremony was going on.
我到那的时候,婚礼仪式正在举行。(when表示点时间)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
我住在农村时,常常为他担水。(when表示段时间)
(2)while表示"在......期间"或"在某一段时间里",它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。
While I was waiting for the bus, I saw an accident.
我在等公交车的时候看到了一起事故。
(3)as引导的时间状语从句
①as表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用。
The thief was caught as he was stealing in the supermarket.
小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。
②as表示"一边......一边......",强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。
As the students walked to their dorms, they sang happily.
学生们一边往宿舍走,一边快乐地唱着歌。
③as还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,意为"随着",表示时间的推移。
As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。
B. since引导的时间状语从句
since表示从过去某一时间、动作或事情起到目前为止,意思是"自......以来"。引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。
Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.
自1950年结婚以来,他们一直生活得很幸福。
[名师点津] since句型中如果从句谓语是延续性的动作或状态,则它所表示的时间从该动作或状态结束时算起。