4. by reading the textbook. 5. by listening to tapes. 6. by asking the teacher for help.

7. by reading aloud.

Step 9 Language points

1. I study by working with a group. 我通过小组活动来学习。by作为介词，用法很多。

请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。

【例句】1) Come and sit by us. 2) Peter goes to work by bus every day.

3) Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. 4) English is spoken by lots of people.

5) My brother studies history by working with a group.

【结论】1) by可表示位置，(1) "__________"，如句1。有"从......旁边（经过）"之意。

2) by可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句2。

3) by可表示时间，"到（某时）之前；不迟于"，如句3。

4) by可用于构成(2) ________，"被，由"，如句4。

5) by可表示方式或手段，(3) "___"结构在句中作方式状语，"通过......方式（方法）"或"借助......手段"，如句5。

Answers: (1) 在......旁边 (2) 被动语态 (3) by + V-ing形式

【运用】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成各句。

1) Annie went to Beijing _______ (乘火车) yesterday.

2) His grandfather made a living _________ (靠卖水果) in the past.

3) The scientists have to arrive at the village _________ (八月以前).

4) Allen goes _______________ (经过邮局) on his way to school every morning.

5) The book was written ____________ (由几个工程师).

Answers: 1)by train 2)by selling fruits 3)by August 4)by the post office 5)by several engineers

2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？

辨析aloud, loud和loudly

aloud出声地；大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。

e.g. Don't read aloud in the library. 不要在图书馆大声朗读。

loud 大声地；喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 常用比

较级。

e.g. We can't hear you. Please speak louder. 我们听不到你的声音。请再大声点。

loudly 高声地；喧闹地。可以和loud互换，含有"吵闹"的意思，不悦耳。

What about/ How about...?后跟名词，代词或v.-ing。用于征求意见。