predictive

1. Example of a noun clause functioning as a direct object

We discovered his arrogance.

"Arrogance" is the object of "discovered."

We discovered what he had asked her.

The clause "what he had asked her" is the object of the verb "discovered" in this sentence.

2. Example of a noun clause functioning as an indirect object

We showed the professor the error.

"The professor" in this sentence is the indirect object, and "the error" is the direct object.

She gave every little error her full attention.

The noun clause "every little error" is the indirect object, and "her full attention" is the direct object. Remember that the direct object should answer the question, "What did she give?" while the indirect object answers, "To whom (or what) did she give it?"

3.Example of a noun clause functioning as a predicate noun

(Rememberr that a predicate noun is a subject complement that renames the subject.)

The insult was his audacity.

"Audacity" is an abstract noun which is subject complement (predicate noun) of the subject "insult."

The insult was that he had even asked her.

The clause "that he had even asked her" is the predicate noun (subject complement) of this sentence.

4. Example of a noun clause functioning as an object of a preposition.

She found fault in his question.

"Question" is the object of the preposition "in."

She found fault in what he had asked her.

The clause "what he had asked her" is the object of the preposition "in" in this sentence.

5. Example of a noun clause functioning as an object complement.

You can call him a scoundrel.

The word "scoundrel" is an object complement that describes the direct object "him."

You can call him what you wish.

The clause "what you wish" can take the place of "scoundrel" as object complement. 宾语从句小结

宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词（如except，but，besides等）的宾语。

I know nothing about her except that she lives next door. 我只知道她住在隔壁房间。

注：（1）主句的谓语是make，find，see，hear等，且带有复合宾语时，可把宾语从句置于宾补之后，用it作形式宾语。

I find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.

我发现每天练习英语口语是必要的。

（2）许多描述情感的形容词（happy，glad，afraid，pleased，sorry，surprised等），或表示确信无疑的形容词（certain，sure等）后可带宾语从句。

I'm afraid （that）we've sold out of tickets.

对不起，我们的票已经卖完了。

（3）在表思想和感觉的动词（believe，imagine，suppose，think，expect等）之后，可以把从句上的否定形式转移到这些谓语动词上来。

I don't believe she'll arrive before 7. 我不相信她会在7点以前到达。

二、直接引语和间接引语。

直接引语--引述别人的原话，放在引号内。

间接引语--用自己的话转述别人的意思，不用引号，常用宾语从句表达。

(1)陈述句变为以that（常可省略）引导的宾语从句。

He said，"I am very glad."他说："我很高兴。"

He said that he was very glad.他说他很高兴。

（2）一般疑问句变为以if（whether）引导的宾语从句。一般地，if和 whether引导宾语从句时可换用。

I don't know whether（if）you can help me.我不知道你是否能帮助我。

但下列情况一般用whether，不用if。

1)后面紧跟or not时。

Mary asked me whether or not she should come.玛丽问我她是否应该来。

2)介词之后时。

She was worried about whether she passed the exam她担心考试是否及格了。

3）动词discuss、argue等之后时。

We discussed whether we should send the students to the conference.

我们讨论是否派学生去参加会议。

4）与不定式连用时。

She is not sure whether to stay or not. 她不能确定是否留下。

5）宾语从句置于句首时。

Whether he lives there，I want to know. 我想知道她是否住在那儿。

6）可能造成歧义时。

Let me know whether you can come.. 告诉我你是否能来。

(若用if，除了上述宾语从句意义外，还可理解成条件状语从句，译为：如果你要来，请通知我。)

（3）特殊疑问句变为以wh-/h-等疑问词引导的宾语从句。（注意从句要用陈述句语序）

He said, "where is Mr. Green？"他说："格林先生在哪？"

He asked where Mr. Green was. 他问格林先生在哪里。

在名词性从句中，what既引导该从句，又在其中作句子成分时，what常可转换成the thing（s）+that定语从句。

She told me what she had done .（宾语从句）

She told me the things that she had done.（定语从句）她告诉我她做了什么。

三、宾语从句谓语动词的时态。

(1)若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用任何时态。

Will you tell me how you learned English well？告诉我你怎么学好英语的好么？

I think he' ll be back in an hour.我想一小时后他会回来的。

(2)若主句谓语动词为过去时时，从句的动词需用跟过去有关的时态。

I thought they were having lessons我想他们正在上课。

She said she had done her homework她说她已做完作业。

（3）宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。

The teacher told us light travels faster than sound老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。