他们又唱又笑地走进教室。
5.表示结果,作结果状语,没有相应的状语从句代替。
The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤,头在门上碰破了。
注意:(1)当v.ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语。如果v.ing短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,即为错句。
Standing on the top of the mountain,I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.当我站在山顶上时,我觉得下面的房子就像小玩具一样。(=When I stood on the top of the mountain,I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.不可以说:Standing on the top of the mountain,the houses below looked like tiny toys.)
(2)有时动词的ing形式或动词的ing短语有自己的逻辑主语,它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,称之为独立主格结构。
Class being over,the children could play football.下课了,孩子们可以踢足球了。(句子主语为the children,ing形式逻辑主语class,相当于:When class was over,the children could play football.)
(3)v.ing短语在句中作插入语,对全句作解释,此时不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题。
Generally speaking,newspapers follow the American way.
一般地说,报纸采用美国英语的拼法。
Frankly speaking,I don't enjoy the performance.
坦率地说,我并不喜欢这场演出。
Precisely speaking,they will arrive at 9∶20 p.m..
准确地说,他们将于下午九点二十分到达。
(4)v.ing形式的否定式
not doing/not having done
Not knowing Tom's telephone number,Mary was very anxious.
不知道汤姆的电话号码,玛丽很着急。
Not having finished my shopping,I couldn't go home.
还没买完东西,我不能回家。
(5)v.ing的完成式
having done表示分词所表示的动作先发生
Having lived in the city for ten years,he got tired of the noisy life.
在城市里住了十年后,他厌倦了这种喧闹的生活。