结构。
Her grandfather being ill,she had to stay at home looking after him.
3.非谓语动词作定语的区别
(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途。
a writing table=a table for writing写字台
(2)现在分词一般式的主动语态作定语表示所修饰的人或物正在进行的动作(若为动作动词),相当于进行时的主动语态的定语从句,或表示所修饰的人或物经常存在的一种状态(若为状态动词),相当于一般时态的定语从句。
The boy playing the piano(=The boy who is playing the piano) is my nephew.正在弹钢琴的那个男孩是我的侄子。
The building standing in the center(=The building which stands in the center) is an experiment building.
坐落在中心的楼房是实验楼。
(3)现在分词一般式的被动语态作定语表示所修饰的人或物被动的正在进行的行为,相当于进行时的被动语态的定语从句。
The building being painted(=The building which is being painted) will be our teaching building.
正在被粉刷的楼房将是我们的教学楼。
(4)不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示已经完成的行为,相当于完成时的主动语态的定语从句。
fallen leaves(=leaves which have fallen) 落叶
developed countries(=countries which have developed) 发达国家
(5)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动的发生过的行为,相当于一般时的被动语态的定语从句。
a building built last year(=a building which was built last year) 去年所建的楼房
(6)不定式作定语表示还未发生的行为,相当于将来时态的定语从句。不定式作定语的常见类型有:
Sb. has sth.to do (do sth.的动作执行者是句中主语时用);Sb.has sth.to be done.(do sth.的动作执行者不是句中主语,而是说话人时用)。
I have a composition to write.我有一篇作文要写。(write a composition的执行者是句中主语I)
I'm going to Tibet.Do you have anything to be taken there for your husband?我准备去西藏。你有没有要为你丈夫带到那儿去的东西?(take anything的动作执行者是说话人I)
4.非谓语动词作状语的区别
(1)不定式常作目的状语和结果状语: