第四讲词性转换(构词法)

　　英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。

动词、形容词转换为名词 　　

　　[全析考法]

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

　　解析：pollution　decrease"降低，减少"，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。

　　2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.

　　解析：weight　根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。

　　3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．

　　解析：education　前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。

　　4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．

　　解析：attraction　此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，应该用attract的名词形式attraction，意为"吸引人之物，诱惑物"。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who