(2)if "如果",引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时,如:
If it rains tomorrow, I shan't climb the hills.
注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if"是否"相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态需根据语境确定。
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。
二. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
1. 用be doing表示将来:主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位置转移的动词,如:go,come,leave,arrive等, 也可用于其他动作动词,如:
We are having fish for dinner. 我们晚饭吃鱼。
We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。
这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语,如果不带时间状语,则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。
A: Where are you going?
B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?
A: Yes, I am just coming. Wait for me.
2. 现在进行时表示将来和用be going to 表示将来意思比较接近,但是现在进行时更强调事先已安排好,即将去做的事情, 而be going to 一般只表示打算做某事,有做某事的意图。我们来看两个例子:
She is having a meeting at 9 tomorrow. 她明天早晨9点有个会。
We are leaving for London next week.我们下周出发去伦敦。
这两个句子里就是用现在进行时表示将来已经安排好要做的事情。
三. too much 和 much too
too much 后接不可数名词,用来表示数量太多,意思是"......太多了(数量多)";much too后接形容词,用来说明程度的,意思是"太......(程度深)"如:
much too heavy 太重了 (表程度)
错误:He has drunk much too water.
正确:He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。(修饰不可数名词,表数量)
四. be famous for 和 be famous as
be famous for表示"因......而出名", for后接表示出名的原因;be famous as则表示"以......身份而著名",as 后接职业、身份或地位,表示作为......职业、身份或地位是著名的,如:France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。
France is famous as a romantic country. 法国作为一个浪漫的国家而出名。
【习题检测】一. 单项选择
1. The volleyball match will be put off if it ________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
2. There ________ a football game on TV this afternoon.
A. is going to have B. will be C. is going to play D. will play
3. This work is ________ for me than for you.
A.difficult B.the most difficult C.most difficult D.more difficult
4. I'll catch up with Lucy before she ________ the finishing line.
A.reach B.is reaching C.reaches in D.will reach
5. Excuse me. Could you tell me ________?
A.where's the teachers' office B.where's the bus stop
C.what's she doing D.where the post office is