He hurried home，looking behind as he went.

他匆忙回家，边走边向后看。

Having lived in New York for years，I knew each part of it very well.

由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。

2．v.­ing的被动语态也分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行；完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经完成了。

When being asked to answer the question，she felt a little nervous.

当被要求回答问题时，她感到有点儿紧张。

Having been operated on the leg，he can't walk as usual.

由于腿部动了手术，他不能像平常那样走路。

即时跟踪2　用所给动词的正确形式填空

(1)The little boy, having made (make) two attempts to climb over the fence of the garden，decided to have another try.

(2)Being talked(talk) to，you should look into the eyes of the person.

(3)Having told(tell) him the answer several times，I didn't know whether he could understand.

(4)Having been told(tell) the answer several times，he still couldn't answer the question.

四、独立成分

1．有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally speaking(一般说来)，supposing(假设)，judging from/by(从......判断)，talking of(谈到)等。

Generally speaking，girls are more careful than boys. 一般说来，女孩比男孩更细心。

2．分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立结构。独立结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。

Weather permitting(＝If the weather permits)，we'll go there on foot.

如果天气允许，我们就步行去那里。

即时跟踪3　用所给动词的正确形式填空

(1)Tom looked at Jenny，tears filling(fill) his eyes，and shouted out the words hidden(hide) in his heart for years.

(2)There being(be) nothing else to do，they went home.

(3)To be(be) honest/Honestly speaking(speak)，his appearance didn't appeal to me much.

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空