astonished, hurt, frightened, excited, crowded, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, unexpected, etc.

　　作表语用的过去分词还可以用于倒装句中，置于句首。

如：Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。

2、过去分词结构作定语

1）单个过去分词作定语

如果单个过去分词作定语，常置于所修饰的名词前。用作前置修饰语的过去分词，有

的来自及物动词，有的来自不及物动词。用作前置定语的来自于及物动词的过去分词多数表示被动意义和完成意义。

如：The injured man was rushed to hospital.

　　　All the broken windows have been repaired.

又如：a well-kept secret一个保守得很好的秘密； a crowded bus拥挤的公交车

　　　fallen leaves落叶； polluted water/air

　　　Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier.

　　　The workers demand increased wages

　* 有些单个的过去分词如：left (剩余的), given（所给的）, concerned （有关的）,习惯上用作后置定语。

　如：There's no time left . the people concerned , the book given

　* 有时单个的过去分词放在所修饰的名词后面，这种后置定语往往具有暂时性，其动作意味较强。

　如：He took the letter written to the post.

2）过去分词短语作后置定语

过去分词短语作定语常用三种时态：done....：表示动作已发生；to be done：表示动作

将要发生；being done：表示动作正在发生。对比以下三句：

如：The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful.

The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.

　The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.

　　作后置定语的过去分词短语一般多带有修饰语或其他成分。后置过去分词结构在句法

功能上相当于定语从句，是非限制性定语从句的一种形式。

　如：The novel about the undersea war is the best of its kind ever written.

　　　= (that has ever been written.)

Your letter dated March 10 has been received.=(which was dated)

They're problems left = (which have been left) over by history.

Suddenly there appeared a young girl dressed.= (who was dressed) in red.

有些过去分词放在名词前面时，可以说已经转移为形容词了，其词汇意义与后置定语的过去分词不同。试比较：