of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do have. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting unnecessary buying, over consumption(消费)and careless release of the products we use in our daily lives.

　　→ Step 2 Writing

　　1.Option One: Lead-in

　　1)Collect the names of types of environment pollution.

　　Students can give a lot on this problem.

　　The teacher can collect the answers on the blackboard.

　　Suggested answers:

　　water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, desertification, garbage in everyday life

　　2)Give an introduction about the serious pollution you think.

　　Suggestions:

　　(1)what you are worried about

　　(2)the present serious condition

　　(3)cause and result

　　(4)present your solution

　　Option Two: Sample

　　In this period, we'll describe an environmental problem and say what we should to about it.

　　Maybe it's a little bit difficult for you. So you can follow the steps and example on Page 38.

　　Show a sample:

　　Natural Disaster-Earthquake

　　An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault(断层). A fault is a fracture(断裂)in the crust(地壳)of the earth along which rocks on one side have moved relative to those on the other side. Stresses in the earth's outer layer push the sides of the fault together, builds up and the rocks slips suddenly, releasing energy in waves that travel through the rock to cause the shaking that we feel during an earthquake.

　　Earthquakes tend to be concentrated in narrow zones. There are 7 major crustal plates on earth, about 80 km(50 miles)thick, all in constant motion relative to one another. They move at between 10 and 130 mm(from less than one half to 5 inches)per year.

　　It is estimated that there are several million earthquakes in the world each year. Many of these earthquakes go undetected because they occur in remote areas or have very small magnitudes(震级). The USGS Earthquake Info Center locates 12 000 to 14 000 earthquakes each year(about 35 per day). On average, about 60 earthquakes per year are classified as significant, with 19 classified as major. A significant earthquake is one of magnitude 6. 5 or higher or one of lesser magnitude that causes casualties or considerable damage. Major earthquakes have a magnitude larger than 7. 0.

　　2. Ask students to read through the steps on Page 38 with the whole class and ensure them to know what to write down next.

　　And discuss the structure of their short passage.

　　First, briefly describe the problem with a partner, taking down notes and key words.

Then, give students about 15 minutes to write down a short passage individually. Try to use