and fallen.

the escaped criminal　逃犯 past

the developed countries　发达国家 past

a widely used language passive

the retired scientist past

the highly praised scientist passive

fallen leaves 落叶 past

the risen sun　升起的太阳 past

the exploited classes 被剥削阶级 passive

3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.

The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.

= The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.

The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.

= The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.

Scientific experiments carried out by students without the teacher's instructions can be dangerous.

= Scientific experiments which are carried out by......

4) A verb-ed can be part of a compound(复合词) with an adverb or a noun before it.

a so-called professor 一个所谓的教授

homemade pizza 自制的比萨饼

a well-accepted idea 广泛接受的想法

a highly-respected professor 极受尊重的教授

a well-paid job 报酬颇丰的工作

underdeveloped regions 不发达地区

handmade furniture 手工制作的家具

5) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-restrictive attribute (非限定性定语) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号).

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

= The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.