much, none, some以及anything, everything, nothing (something不受此限制)等不定代词;(4)同时为人和物;(5)为疑问代词时。如:
Everything that appears on the Internet is very appealing.
初学者由于记得不牢,此时常常误用which引导。
七、非限制性定语从句误用that作引导词。引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that,必须用which。此外可以引导非限制性定语从句的还有who,whom,where,when,as等关系代词或关系副词,而且不能省略。如:
The Italian team defeated the German team, which some people had expected.
此时还可以将which换成as,意思是"正如有的人已经预料到的一样"。
八、as和which的误用。非限制性从句前置于句首时,不能用which,而要用as来引导。如:
As is well known to us all, life can't exist without air or water.
但是如果从句后置,则两者皆可以,只是意思略有区别(as译作"正如",which译作"这一点"等)。如果定语从句是否定形式或从句谓语带有复合宾语时,则只能用which引导。如:
The Brazilian team was defeated by the French team, which we hadn't expected.
九、the same ... that和the same ... as的误用。注意两者的区别:the same ... that指"同一人(物)";而the same ... as指"同一类人(物)"。如:
The people in many other Asian countries have the same custom as we Chinese have.
根据例句的含义,可知这里只能用关系代词as,不能用that,因为表达的意思是"相似"。
十、关系副词与关系代词的误用。如果引导词在从句中作状语应用关系副词引导;如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时应用关系代词引导。如:
Hawaii is a beautiful place (which / that) all the people look forward to visiting.
定语从句中的visiting是一个及物动词,必须带宾语,所以不能用where作引导词,而应用which或that引导,且可以省略。如果将visiting改成going,则应该用where引导。
走出时间、条件、让步状语从句八大误区
误区之一:混淆while与when