2011届高考英语疑难解答选粹
2011届高考英语疑难解答选粹第2页

二、 语言基础知识及应用 (语法部分)

  46. 动词的现在分词与过去分词在用法上有什么异同? 学习这一语法内容还要注意哪些方面?

  答: 现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语动词形式, 从语法功能上讲都可以用来作表语、定语、状语、补语等; 但现在分词和过去分词在意义上不同:一般说来, 现在分词表主动的意义, 过去分词表被动的意义。例如:

  a moving film 一部动人的电影

  a moved audience 一个被感动了的观众

  用做定语或表语现在分词和过去分词在其所表的动作上亦不同: 现在分词所表的动作皆未完成, 过去分词所表的动作则已完成。 例如:

  boiling water 正在煮沸的水

  boiled water 已煮沸的水

  学习现在分词和过去分词要了解现在分词表示主动及动作在进行;过去分词表示被动和动作完成。 另外, 还要注意过去分词和现在分词的被动式或完成式的区别。 例如:

  Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?

  Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.

  上述两句都不能用过去分词

  再比较下面两个句子:

  I saw the net being haulted in. 我看见鱼网正在被拉上来

  I saw the net haulted in我看见鱼网被拉上来了。

  另外还要注意: 现在分词和过去分词做状语时, 分词的逻辑主语一定要是主句的主语。看看这个句子:

  Seen from the window of the plane, I found the buildings seemed like little boxes.

  这个句子是错误的, 因为分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致。 正确的表达应该是:

  Seeing from the window of the plane, I found the buildings seemed like little boxes.

  Seen from the window of the plane, the buildings seemed like little boxes.

  47. It is not clear ______ this story took place.

  A. where and when B. when and where

  C. how and why D. why and how

  答案是B, 其他的为什么不可以呢?

  答: when and where引导主语从句, 习惯用法。 不用where and when.

  48. He will give the dictionary to ______ need it.

  A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who C. those who

  答案是A, D不可以吗?

  答: whoever表示 "任何人" 相当于 "anyone who" , :those who"不能表达这个意思。

  49.---Do you know him?

   ---Yes, but I can't remember ______ I met him for the first time.

  A. where B. when C. that D. if

  答案是B。 选A行吗?

  答: 根据情景意义判断:用when最佳。

  ---Do you know him? 你认识他吗? (说明现在的情况)

  ---Yes, but I can't remember ______ I met him for the first time. (认识, 但我不记得第一次和他见面是什么时候了)

  看看这个意义, 如果用where的话, 意义就不太合语境了。

  50. ______what to do, he went to ask his teacher for advice

  A. Not knowing B. Not having known

  这题为什么不选B?

  答: 分词的一般形式和完成形式表达的意义有区别: 只有当分词的动作明显先于主句的谓语动词发生时才用完成形式。 动词known在这儿表示当时的状态, 不用完成形式。 句子表达的意义是: 由于(当时)不知道怎么做, 他去请教了老师。

  51. They have their reasons for keeping their marriage ______ secret for ______moment.

  A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a

  这道题怎么做? 为什么是the moment而不是a moment, 两者有什么区别? 这句怎么翻译?

  答: key: C。 这题在短语中考查冠词

  keep sth a secret 使......保密

  for the moment 暂时, 目前

  全句意思: 他们暂时不想公开他们结婚的事是有其原因的。

  52. 一个好觉, 用英语翻译过来是:a good sleep还是a sound sleep?

  答: a sound sleep是地道的英语表达!

  53. "The very next day"怎么翻译?请老师帮助分析一下结构, 特别是very在这里是什么意思?

  答: very用作形容词, 这儿的意思是 "就在第二天/正是第二天,

  类似的用法举例如下:

  He is the very person we are looking for 他就是我们要找的人。

  54.It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

  A. one B. that C. what D. it

  参考答案是B。 该句如何翻译呢?

  答: 这是一个强调句!

  强调句的基本结构是 "it is/was......that......。 强调句有一个特点: 那就是去掉结构词, 仍然是个完整的句子。 它可用来强调除谓语以外的任何成分, 该句强调主语。句子意思是: 是做工作的能力而不是那里人或什么身份起作用。

  再看看下面这个句子吧:

  John went to visit his grandpa last night,

  这是一个简单句, 看看下面的强调句:

  It was John who went to visit his grandpa last night.

  (强调主语, 主语是人可用who, 句义是: 是John昨晚去看了他爷爷。)

  It was his grandpa that John went to visit last night.

  (强调宾语, 句义是: John昨晚去看的是他爷爷。)

  It was last night that John went to visit his grandpa.

  (强调时间状语, 句义是: 是在昨天晚上John去看他爷爷。)

  55. 请问You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.

  A. why B. where C. what D. how

  这题应如何解释?

  答: 答案: what. what I disagree是表语从句, 表达的意思是: "我所不同意的". what在这儿相当于all that.

  56. Chaplin acted in 82 films, ______he wrote and directed himself.

  A. and many of which B. and many of them

  C. any of them D. many which

  答案是B. 怎么理解呢?

  答: 注意句子结构. 逗号前后两个分句是并列关系, 所以这里用and many of them. 若是主从关系的话, 要用many of which.

  57. a. John plays football ______, if not better than David.

  b. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.

  A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

  这两道题就差一个逗号, 那么答案能一样吗?

  答: 不一样!

  b. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.

  有逗号, if not better than在句中作插入语, 空格要填as well as.. 去掉插入成分, 句子John plays football as well as David是一个意义完整的句子.

  a. John plays football ______, if not better than David.

  没有后面的逗号, if not better than David要理解为条件状语从句, 是if he does not play better than David的省略, 那么前面的主句应该是:John plays football as well as David. 也可省略为: John plays football as well.

  58. It is no longer a question now ______man can land on the moon.

  A. that B. if C. whether D. what

  答案是A. 我想选C. 行吗?

  答: 选C 不行. 这里的it不是形式主语, 空格后面也不是主语从句, 因为这样的话, 句子意义讲不通, 这里应该选A. now that "既然, 由于" 引导原因状语; 句中的it是实义的代词; 全句意思这样理解: 既然人类能登上月球, 这件事就不再是问题了.

  59. We hurried to the bus station ______that the bus had already left.

A. only finding B. only to find C. to find only D. finding only

  这题如何解释? 谢谢

  答: 答案: only to find

  动词不定式作状语表示结果, 句子的意思是说: 我们匆忙赶到汽车站, 结果发现车已经开走了. 再看看这个例句:

  They broke into the room only to find a mess.

  60. Gould you tell me what's the matter with...一句中, 宾语从句中的what's the matter with......为什么不用陈述语序?

  答 what's the matter本身就是陈述语气: what是主语, is是连系动词, the matter名词作表语.

  61. 我们英语老师说序数词形容词和最高级作表语时不加the, 我觉得不对, 征求一下意见, 拜托并解释一下.

  答: 序数词表示顺序时, 前面往往用冠词或其他的determiner (例如: 形容词性的物主代词). 以first为例, the first spaceman, my first trip to Beijing; 但first也可用作副词、名词、代词, 这时就不一定要用定冠词了;

  形容词的最高级用作表语强调事物的品质时应省去定冠词, 但如修饰名词或代词作定语仍然须用the。 例如:

  This is where the river is deepest.

  Put the picture where light is best.

  This book is the most difficult that I have read, (difficult后省去了one或book, 这儿most前须用the)

  62. ---Don't put the waste on the ground, young man.

   ---Oh, I'm sorry. I ______the dustbin there.

  A. hadn't seen B/. didn't see C. can't see D. wasn't seeing

  答:key: B didn't see

  本题在语境中考查时态。 "丢废物在地上时没有看见垃圾箱", put the waste on the ground是过去的动作, not see the dustbin也要用一般过去时态.

  63. No computer so far ______an have the same ability as human brains

  A. be built B. having built C. being built D. built

  答: D. built, so far built 过去分词短语用做定语. 过去分词有被动或完成的意义.

  64. 主谓一致的问题该怎样理解呢?

  答: 主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数方面和主语保持一这; 学习这一语言知识点特别注意意义一致、靠近原则。

  65.I've been reading a new nowel these days, ______forever loved by the American people.

  A. is B. one

  答: B. one, one forever loved by the American people作a new novel的同位语。

  66. In this way, ______learn a lot on their own imitiative.

  A. they can B. can they

  答: A. they can. 这里不用倒装。 only修辞的介词断语放在句首才用倒装。 例: Only in this way can you learn from your friends.

  67. There ______no bus, we had to walk home.

  A. would be D. being

  答: D。 being

  There being no bus 是独立主格结构, 也就是现在分词加上了自己的逻辑主语, 在句子作状语表示原因。

  68. ---Who is Yang Liwei?

  ---What a question! It is surprising ______the first space man in China.

  A. you didn't know our national hero B. you should know nothing about

  答: A。 句子的意思是说: 很惊奇你竟然不知道中国航天第一人---杨利伟。

  69. ---Do you knoe? Henry didn't win that speech contest.

  --- ______? I thought for sure he would. He worked so hard on it.

  A. Do I B. Don't I C. Did he D. Don't he

  该题选什么? 请老师解释一下?

  答: did he.情景中, 表示惊讶(对过去的事情表示惊讶)。

  70. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______

  A. it what to do with B. what to do it with

  C. what to do with it D. to do what with it

  答案是C。 该句怎么翻译呢?

  答: 据说澳大利亚土地太多, 政府都不知道怎么来用。

  71. The man kept his eyes ______ for his baby for quite some time.

  A. to fix B. fixing C. fixed D. being fix

  答: 先看看这个简单句:He fixed his eyes on the screen.

  从这个句子我们看出动词fix和his eyes构成动宾关系。

  再回到问题中的句子, 分析句子结构我们可看出kept出后接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语), 我们选择过去分词作宾补, 因为宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系。

  最后请你看看下面两道题:

  1)The angry mother kept his baby ______ for a few minutes. (crying cried)

  2)You must get everything ______ before 5:00 a.m.

  (finishing, finished)

  72. 老师好, 我想问一下什么叫全部倒装和部分倒装?

  答: 倒装有两种: 将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来, 叫完全倒装; 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移到主语之前, 叫部分倒装。

  例如: 1)Then began a bitter war between the two countries.(完全倒装)

  2)Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here.(部分倒装)

  73. 怎么分清主谓宾? 这一问题在高考中占的比重大吗?

  要分清主谓宾先要弄清楚简单句的五种基本结构:

  1. 主语+谓语

  2. 主语+谓语+宾语

  3. 主语+连系动词+表语

  4. 主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语、直接宾语);

  5. 主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。

  主语是一句的主体, 是全句述说的对象, 常用名词或相当于名词的词担任, 一般置于句首

  谓语或谓语动词是说明主语的动作或状态的, 常用动词担任, 置于主语之后。

  宾语是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的。 常由名词或相当于名词的词担任, 置于及物动词或介词之后。

  例如:Thomas received a warning for speeding.

  句中Thomas是主语, 是received谓语, a warning for speeding是动词宾语, speeding是介词for的宾语。

  句法方面的知识, 对分析句子结构, 理解复杂句非常重要, 只要涉及到句子都要用到句法。 在高考中直接考查句法的题也在单选题中出现, 尤其是倒装句、感叹句、附加疑问句等, 所占分值可能平均1-2分。

  74. Mother ______ill, Merry had to stay at home ______the house work.

  A. was; to do B. was; doing C. being; doing D. being; did

  这题何解? 请解释一下。

  答:C being; doing

  Mother being ill是独立主格结构(现在分词加上了它的逻辑主语), 作状语, 表示原因; doing the house work作状语修辞谓语had stay at home.

  75.After ______ seemed half an hour, the teacher gave us the correct answer.

  A. that B. what C. which D it

  答: 答案: what. What引导名词性从句作介词after的宾语。

  76. ______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

  A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students

  C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave

  请问此题考查什么知识点, 怎么选择答案? 谢谢!

  答: 答案: C。

  形容词做后置定语. Brave enough to take this adventure course做定语修饰名词students.。

  77. 老师我想问一下:

  ---It is decided. How can you change your mind in the

  last minute?

  ---______

  题中It is decided是什么意思?

  答案给的答语是I am sorry.为什么?

  答: It's decided. 意思是 "已经决定了". 整个句子的意思是: 这件事已经决定了. 怎么能在最后时刻更改呢? 语义中含有责备的语气. 后面的回答用: I'm sorry. 表示对 "在最后时刻更改已经决定的事情"的歉意.

  78. ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

  A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

  请问: 这里是不是分词做状语? 如果是, 分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语it吗? it在这里应该是充当形式主语啊, 代替后面的动词不定式, 那该怎么理解, 怎么翻译啊?

  答: 这里given作介词用, 意思是: if one takes into account "如果考虑到, 倘若"

  例如: Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.

  Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.

  题干的意义理解为: 考虑到他的健康状况, 他要花一段时间才能从手术的伤痛中恢复过来.

  79. ______ in this way, it seemed not easy to run a nuclear power station.

  A. Having explained B. To explain

  C. Explained D. Having been explained

  请帮忙解释一下这道题的句子结构, 好吗? 分词做状语的话, 它的逻辑主语是什么呀?

  答: Explained in this way过去分词作状语, 表示条件, 相当于条件状语从句If it was explained in this way. 分词的逻辑主语是句子(主句)的主语. 全句这样理解: " 如果这样解释的话, 经营核电站似乎并不容易."

  80. They were sitting in the car when up the road _______two policemen.

  横线中应填were coming还是came? Why??

  答: came句义是: 他们正坐在车上突然警察过来了.

  when从句中动作是一个短暂的瞬时动作, 不用进行时态.

  81. 有这样一道题,They bicycle is mine. This is the same bicycle ______I have lost

  A. as B. that C. which D. it

  所给出的正确答案是B, 而我认为应该选A, 请您详细帮助分析一下, 好吗? 谢谢!

  答: 若没有前面那个信息句: This bicycle is mine的话, 可以说: This is the same bicycle as I have lost表达的意思是: 这辆自行车和我丢的那一辆一样, 但有前面那个信息句, 这个意思就不符合语境了. 这里应该用that, This is the same bicycle that. I have lost.表达的意思是: 这就是我丢的那部自行车. same在句中的意义是 "同一的、原来的".

  通过这道题你要弄明白: same作"一样的, 和...一样"讲时, 修饰名词后接定语从句, 关系代词用as; 而作"同一的, 原来的" 讲修辞名词后接定语从句关系代词用that, 这和very用作形容词修饰名词表示强调用法一样.

  82. The picture---on the wall was painted by my friend.

  A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

   该题答案是B. 选D是不是也可以呢?

  答: hang用作不及物动词, 后接副词或介词短语, 意为 "悬挂着、吊着", 例如:Her coat was hanging on the door.因此答案为A. 题干的意义要理解为: 挂在墙上的那幅画是我朋友画的. 若用being hung, 意义就成了: 正在往墙上挂/贴的那幅画是我朋友画的.

  83. Meeting my uncle often all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure,

  A. one B. one the C. that the D. it a

  答: 答案: A.

  I will always treasure是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰代词one, one I will always treasure作名词短语an unforgettable moment的同位语.

  84. I would love to have gone to the party. But I ______ extra hours to finish a report.

  A had had to work B. had to have worked C. had to work D. had worked

  该题答案是C. 请问前半句如何翻译?

  答: I would love to have gone to the party我本想去参加那个晚会的. would love/like to have done sth表达的意思是: 过去本想做某事(而事实上未做).

  85. Don't speak until spoken to.该句如何翻译?

  答: 别人和你说时, 你就说. (没人和你说时, 你不要说)

  它是 "Don't speak until you are spoken to."的省略.

  86. The culture and customs of America are very much like ______of England.

  A. those B. that C. what

  该题选A还是C. 请指教.

  答: those

  The culture and customs of America 这一名词短语既有可数名词有也有不可数名词. 用代词those来替代.

  what用来引导名词性从句. Eg: I don't believe what he said.

  87. 怎样掌握非谓语动词?

  答: 先弄清不定式、 -ing分词、 过去分词的一些基本语法功能(可在句子用作哪些成分)。 然后弄清它们之间用法的区别。

  88. 如何简单地分别 "同位语从句"和 "定语从句"?

  答: 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句, 它一般跟在某些抽象名词(idea, news, fact, thought, remark, hope, promise, word等)后面, 用来说明该名词所表示的具体内容. 关联词常用that, 它引导同位语从句中时在从句中不充当任何成分.

  Eg: We heard the news that our team had won.

  He made a promise that he would buy me a new bike.

  定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词和代词的从句. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词. 关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用, 同时又是定语从句的一个成分. 关系词用关系代词和关系副词两种, 关系代词在从句中常用来做主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系副词常用来做状状语。

  区别同位语从句和定语从句最关键的一点是看连接词在从句中是否充当一定的成分。 看看下面两个例子:

  eg: He expressed his hope that he wants to visit China again. (同位语从句, that在从句中不充当任何成分, that从句说明his hope的内容)

  He expressed his hope that he wants to make true in next autumn. (定语从句, That在从句中作宾语, that从句修饰先行词his hope)

  89. 学习定语从句应该注意些什么?

  答:1。 明白有关定语从句的一些基本概念, 例如: 先行词、关系代词、关系副词等;

  2. 注意关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as及关系副词when, why, where的用法;

  3.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的用法;

  4. 高考对这一语言点的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:

  1)关系代词和关系副词的区别;

  关系代词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、定语等成分, 而关系副词在从句中作状语;

  2) 关系代词that, which, as的用法区别;

  3)关系代词作介词宾语时, 介词提前的情况;

  4) 定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别。

  请你从以上几个方面去掌握定语从句, 若遇疑点, 欢迎提出具体的问题!

三、五大题型答题技