Part 1

　　The Amazing①Caves of Zhoukoudian

　　Zhoukoudian is a small village about 50 kilometres south­west of Beijing. In the 1920s②， archaeologists③ discovered some prehistoric④ human bones there which changed China's knowledge⑤ of its history⑥. They came from an unknown species⑦ of man and were the first evidence⑧ of primitive⑨ human life in China thousands of years ago. The remains⑩ were ... three teeth!

　　In 1929, a complete skull⑪ was also discovered. Eventually⑫， archaeologists found almost 200 items⑬， including⑭ six skulls and more than⑮ 150 teeth. These discoveries⑯ proved the existence⑰ of a human species who lived in the area⑱ between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.

　　Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations⑲ lived⑳ were discovered on the northern face of\s\up1(21(21) Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone\s\up1(22(22) caves in the area. 　　①amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的

　　②in the 1920s＝in the 1920's

　　③archaeologist/ˌɑːki'ɒlədʒIst/ n．考古学家

　　④prehistoric/ˌpriːhI'stɒrIk/ adj.史前的；有历史记载以前的

　　　prehistory n．[U]史前时期

　　⑤knowledge n．[U]知晓，了解

　　⑥which引导定语从句，代指上文提到的事情。

　　⑦species n．物种，种　⑧evidence n．证据

　　⑨primitive/'prImətIv/ adj.原始的，原生的

　　⑩remains/rI'meInz/ n．遗迹；遗体

　　⑪skull/skʌl/ n．头颅，颅骨　⑫eventually adv.最后，终于

　　⑬item/'aItəm/ n．(一)件

　　⑭including prep.包括　including A＝A included

　　⑮more than超过，多于　⑯discovery n．发现

　　⑰existence/Iɡ'zIstns/ n．存在

　　　come into existence/being 产生，出现

　　⑱who引导定语从句，修饰"a human species"。

　　⑲relation/rI'leIʃn/ n．亲属；亲戚

　　⑳where引导定语从句，修饰"four sites"。

　　\s\up1(21(21)on the northern face of在......北面

　　\s\up1(22(22)limestone/'laImˌstəʊn/ n．石灰石 　　

　　第一部分

　　惊人的周口店山顶洞

　　[第1～3段译文]

　　周口店是位于北京西南约50千米的一个小村庄。20世纪20年代，考古学家在那里发现了一些史前人类的遗骨，这一发现改变了人们对中国历史的认识。它们是一类未知人种的遗骨，是许多年前原始人生活在中国的第一证据。发现的遗留物是......三颗牙齿！

　　1929年，一个完整的头盖骨又被发掘出来。最后，考古学家发现了近200件遗留物，包括6个头盖骨和150多颗牙齿。这些发现证明：在七十万到二十万年前就有人类生活在该地区。

　　人们在龙骨山的北坡发现了北京人及其近亲居住过的4处遗址。他们生活在该地区的石灰岩洞中。

　　However, the life span\s\up1(23(23) of Beijing Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14. Fewer than\s\up1(24(24) 5% lived to the age of\s\up1(25(25) 50. Even so\s\up1(26(26)， they were quite sophisticated\s\up1(27(27). Ashes were found alongside the fossils\s\up1(28(28) which showed they used fire for\s\up1(29(29) cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection\s\up1(30(30) from wild beasts\s\up1(31(31). This is the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the world. They also made tools of\s\up1(32(32) bones and sharpened\s\up1(33(33) stones. Unfortunately, when Japan invaded\s\up1(34(34) China in 1937, excavations\s\up1(35(35) at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the People's Republic of China was established\s\up1(36(36) in 1949, the work started again and Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction\s\up1(37(37).

　　Zhoukoudian was listed\s\up1(38(38) as a world heritage\s\up1(39(39) site in December 1987. It has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also\s\up1(40(40) has provided\s\up1(41(41) amazing evidence about the process of evolution\s\up1(42(42). 　　\s\up1(23(23)span/spæn/ n．时距；期间

　　\s\up1(24(24)fewer than低于，少于

　　\s\up1(25(25)live to the age of活到......岁

　　\s\up1(26(26)even so尽管如此

　　\s\up1(27(27)sophisticated adj.精密的，水平高的，复杂巧妙的

　　\s\up1(28(28)fossil/'fɒsl/ n．化石

　　\s\up1(29(29)use ... for doing ...用......来做......

　　\s\up1(30(30)protection n．保护

　　　protect ...from ...保护......免受......

　　\s\up1(31(31)beast/biːst/ n．野兽

　　\s\up1(32(32)make A of/from B　由B制成A

　　　A be made of/from B　A由B制成

　　\s\up1(33(33)sharpen/'ʃɑːpən/ v．使变锋利　\s\up1(34(34)invade v．侵略，侵犯

　　\s\up1(35(35)excavation/ˌekskə'veIʃn/ n．发掘　\s\up1(36(36)establish v．成立

　　\s\up1(37(37)tourist attraction旅游景点

　　　attraction此处是可数名词，意为"向往的地方"。

　　\s\up1(38(38)list/lIst/ v．(按某次序)把......列表，列清单

　　　be listed as 被列为　\s\up1(39(39)heritage n．遗产

　　\s\up1(40(40)not only ... but also ...不但......而且......

　　\s\up1(41(41)provide v．提供　\s\up1(42(42)evolution/ˌiːvə'luːʃn/ n．进化；演变