2019-2020学年度人教版必修5 Unit 1 Great scientistsPeriod2 Language Points学案(3页word版)
2019-2020学年度人教版必修5 Unit 1 Great scientistsPeriod2 Language Points学案(3页word版)第3页

1. 构成:done(规则动词的过去分词与过去式变化相同,都是在动词原形后加ed, 如:print-printed-printed; follow-followed-followed; 不规则动词的过去分词需要记忆, 如:begin-began-begun;ea-tate-eaten)

2. 意义:完成、被动

(1)不及物动词的过去分词表示完成的状态,不表被动意义,如:fallen leaves(落叶),fall为不及物动词,此处只表示落叶的状态;

(2)及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,如:polluted water(污水),pollute为及物动词,water 和pollute之间是被动关系且动作业已完成。

3. 语法功用

在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。不能单独作谓语。

(1)作定语:过去分词如是单个词语,则位于中心词前;如是短语,则位于中心词后,作后置定语。如:

Many terrified people died in turmoil. 很多受惊的人死于荒乱之中。

真题:Don't use words, expressions, or phrases____ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海)

A being known B having been known C to be known D known

解析: words, expressions, phrases与know在逻辑上是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故选D。

(2)作表语:用在系动词后。如:

I am interested in reading English novels. 我对阅读英国小说感兴趣。

My teacher got annoyed when I was late for school again. 我上学又迟到,老师为此很恼怒。

(3)作宾语补足语:用在宾语后面。如:

I had my dress washed already. 我已经把衣服洗了。

注:能带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词还有:get, hear, see, make, keep, find等。如:

I found the door broken. 我发现门坏了。

真题:Laws that punish parents for their children's against the laws get parents_____. (重庆)

A worried B to worry C worrying D worry

解析:"使得家长们感到担心",用过去分词作宾语补足语,选A。

(4)作状语:一般置于句首或句末。

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students. 老师和几位同学走进教室。(the teacher与follow是被动关系)