1. 构成:done(规则动词的过去分词与过去式变化相同,都是在动词原形后加ed, 如:print-printed-printed; follow-followed-followed; 不规则动词的过去分词需要记忆, 如:begin-began-begun;ea-tate-eaten)
2. 意义:完成、被动
(1)不及物动词的过去分词表示完成的状态,不表被动意义,如:fallen leaves(落叶),fall为不及物动词,此处只表示落叶的状态;
(2)及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,如:polluted water(污水),pollute为及物动词,water 和pollute之间是被动关系且动作业已完成。
3. 语法功用
在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。不能单独作谓语。
(1)作定语:过去分词如是单个词语,则位于中心词前;如是短语,则位于中心词后,作后置定语。如:
Many terrified people died in turmoil. 很多受惊的人死于荒乱之中。
真题:Don't use words, expressions, or phrases____ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海)
A being known B having been known C to be known D known
解析: words, expressions, phrases与know在逻辑上是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故选D。
(2)作表语:用在系动词后。如:
I am interested in reading English novels. 我对阅读英国小说感兴趣。
My teacher got annoyed when I was late for school again. 我上学又迟到,老师为此很恼怒。
(3)作宾语补足语:用在宾语后面。如:
I had my dress washed already. 我已经把衣服洗了。
注:能带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词还有:get, hear, see, make, keep, find等。如:
I found the door broken. 我发现门坏了。
真题:Laws that punish parents for their children's against the laws get parents_____. (重庆)
A worried B to worry C worrying D worry
解析:"使得家长们感到担心",用过去分词作宾语补足语,选A。
(4)作状语:一般置于句首或句末。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students. 老师和几位同学走进教室。(the teacher与follow是被动关系)