few days,these days等。
I have been writing the letter since then.
从那时起我一直在写这封信。
We have been studying for nearly 3 hours.
我们已经学了近3个小时了。
表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Sorry!I'm late.How long have you been waiting for me?
很抱歉!我来迟了。你等我多长时间了?
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时,只能用于现在完成时。如:see,hear,know,have,like,be等。
(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.
(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.
他已经感冒两个星期了。
不具有延续意义的动词,如finish,come,go,marry等不能用现在完成进行时。
五、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1.完成性
现在完成时的"已完成"用法强调动作的完成,现在完成进行时侧重于表示未完成。
I've dialed four times.I don't think anyone is in the office.我已经拨了四次电话了,我认为办公室里没人。
I've been dialling.I don't think anyone's in the office.
我一直在打电话,我认为办公室里没人。
2.动作的持久性
现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性,而现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周了。
3.动作的频繁性
现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时,表示反复的但可能有间断的动作,现在完成进行时可以表示断断续续地重复的动作,但不能同表示具体次数和具体数字的词并用。
I've posted a dozen postcards,but received none.
我已寄出一打贺卡了,可一张别人的也没收到。
I've been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初开始,我一直都在忙着寄贺卡。
I've read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.(√)
I've been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.(×)
《傲慢与偏见》这本书我已经读过好几遍了。
4.感情色彩
现在完成时感情色彩不浓,而现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感情色彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打断我的话。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人在一直说我的坏话。