科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的一条大陆桥穿越北

极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

a. 本句的主句是Scientists believe，从句是that引导的宾语从句。

b. 宾语从句中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词___________。land bridge

means n. 方式, 手段(单复数相同)。

e.g. The quickest means of travel is by plane.

Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.

Are there any possible means of getting there?

Some means are practical while others are not.

◆ 联想记忆：

1) by no means 决不，一点也不

e.g. She is by no means poor; in fact, she is very rich.

2) by this means (in this way) 用这种方式 by means of 用......方式

e.g. He succeeded by means of hard work.

3) by all means 当然可以, 没问题

e.g. - Can I see it? - By all means.

3. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, ...

majority n. 大多数

e.g. The majority were / was for the plan.

1) the majority of the people: most of the people 大多数人

2) majority常与a /the 连用; most后接名词或 of + n.

e.g. The majority of the people / Most people/ Most of the people are against the idea of building a new factory here.

单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。a / the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词，也可用可数名词复数，谓语动词由后面的名词决定。

The majority __________ for the budget. was/ were

The majority of students ____ hard-working. are

The majority of the damage ___ easy to repair. Is

4. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.

16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。

辨析: fight for, fight against & fight with

fight for 为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)

e.g. They are fighting for freedom. 他们正为自由而战。

fight against (可用with) the enemy

"为反对......而斗争"；接人和国家名词， 意思是"与......战斗"

fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战

5. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.

有的人死了，有的人回家了，但是大部分人留在了加利福尼亚，尽管遇到了很

大的困难，也开始了新的生活。

make a life 开始新的生活

e.g. They go to big cities to make a life.

关于 life的短语：