=When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时,她看到了她的一个老朋友。
[名师点津] 当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill, he couldn't go to school.
=As he was ill, he couldn't go to school.
因为生病了,他无法去上学。
3.作条件状语(一般放在句首,其前可以加if, unless等连词)
Working hard, you'll make great progress.
=If you work hard, you'll make great progress.
如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。
4.作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.(2017·天津高考)
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
[名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。试比较:
He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
5.作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.
=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
[名师点津] 为强调动词ing形式表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when, while,强调与谓语动词同时发生;加上before, after,强调动作先后发生;加上thus