三、复合结构的不定式
"for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式"即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或状语。
It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.
为收获的季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。
当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等。
It is very kind of you to help him every day.
你真是太好了,每天都帮他。
四、疑问词+动词不定式
疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
如何阻止他们在这条河里游泳是个问题。
五、but+不定式
动词不定式在but,except,besides等表示"除了......"之意的介词后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则带to。
She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭什么也不能做。
Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home.
父母回家之前,汤姆只有等待。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳你还喜欢做什么?
He did nothing else but laugh.他只是笑笑而已。
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这一事实,我别无选择。
拓展延伸
在can't but,can't help but,can't choose but(不得不,只能)结构后,不定式不带to。
There being no buses,he can't but walk home.
由于没有公共汽车,他只能步行回家。
He can't choose but accept the offer.
他别无选择只能接受提议。